Recent questions tagged plant

asked Jan 6 by anonymous

Last answer: Process of accounting An accounting system tracks and controls the income and expenses of a business. Accounting systems can be as simple as a pen and notepad, and can be as complex ... find themselves required to create reports for external stakeholders, such as lenders and private investors.

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asked Jan 6 by anonymous

Explain law of demand and law of supply.

Last answer: The Law of Demand The law of demand states that, if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good. In other words, the higher the price, the lower ... ). At point B, the quantity supplied will be Q2 and the price will be P2, and so on.

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asked Jan 6 by anonymous

Describe the concept of fixed cost, variable cost and total cost.

Last answer: Total cost Total cost refers to total expense incurred in reaching a particular level of output, if such total cost is divided by quantity produced average or unit cost is obtained. The ... . Direct material, direct labour, direct expenses, variable overheads are some examples of variable cost.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain the procedure of detailed energy audit.

Last answer: Detailed Energy Audit Detailed audit provides a detailed project implementation plan for a facility, since it evaluate all major energy using systems. This type of audit offers the ... Management aspects of design and operating data collection, field measurements, data analysis, and training

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Outline any four duties and responsibilities of energy manager.

Last answer: Responsibilities and Duties of Energy Manager Responsibilities Prepare an annual activity plan and present to management concerning financially attractive investments to reduce energy costs Establish an ... and manner as may be provided in the regulations of the Energy Conservation Act.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

List the advantages and disadvantages of hydropower.

Last answer: Hydropower plant Advantages Renewable - Hydroelectric energy is renewable. This means that we cannot use up. However, there's only a limited number of suitable reservoirs where hydroelectric power ... MW under construction. Only one of these projects was started in the last two years.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Illustrate the benefits of hydrogen energy as a future energy.

Last answer: Benefits of Hydrogen Energy The use of hydrogen greatly reduces pollution. When hydrogen is combined with oxygen in a fuel cell, energy in the form of electricity is produced. This electricity can ... sources of fuel. This ideally means that you need less hydrogen to complete an enormous task.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain any four important properties of petroleum fuel.

Last answer: Properties of petroleum fuel The flash point of a volatile fuel is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. The flash point is an important concept in ... of combustion contain the water vapor and that the heat in the water vapor is not recovered.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

State various types of energy losses with their control measures in any utility.

Last answer: Energy loss and control in any utility Energy saving opportunities in cooling tower (These measures will save electrical energy used in fan or pumps) 1. Follow manufacturer's recommended ... Preheating combustion air 10. Switching from steam to air atomization Switching to lower cost fuel

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain construction and working of solar water heater.

Last answer: Solar Water Heater Construction A typical domestic solar water heater consists of a hot water storage tank and one or more flat plate collectors. Inlet and outlet pipes are connected ... the tank continues automatically due to density difference between hot and cold water (thermosyphon effect).

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Define calorific value. Differentiate between net calorific value and gross calorific value.

Last answer: Calorific value of fuel The amount of energy produced by the complete combustion of a material or fuel. Measured in units of energy per amount of material, e.g. kJ/kg. Difference between NCV and GCV ... is not an actual heat available for use. It is an actual heat available for use.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Describe profitability evaluation by rate of return on investment.

Last answer: Profitability by ROI Return on investment, or ROI, is the most common profitability ratio. There are several ways to determine ROI, but the most frequently used method is to divide net profit by total ... investment types. Return on investment = (revenue − cost of goods sold) / cost of goods sold

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain energy conservation and its importance.

Last answer: Energy conservation Energy Conservation is the deliberate practice or an attempt to save electricity, fuel oil or gas or any other combustible material, to be able to put to additional use for ... are produced. e) Generally to relieve shortage and improve development. f) Advantage in PAT scheme.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain construction of biogas plant.

Last answer: Fixed Roof Biogas Plant Construction It consits of inlet tank, digester and outlet tank. Sluury is prepeared in inlet tank. Mass is digeated in digester. Gas is collected at the top dome. Digested mass ... digester gas can supply useful energy in the form of hot air, hot water or steam.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Classify energy sources with two examples each.

Last answer: Types of energy Source Primary energy source is an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process. The primary energy sources are derived from: the sun, ... energy sources: These sources can renew again and again. e.g Solar, Wind, Biomass, Hydro

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

State two objectives of energy audit.

Last answer: Objective of energy audit To determine ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating costs. Energy Audit provides a bench-mark" (Reference ... effective use of energy throughout the organization. Provide detailed documentation for monitoring of energy use

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

List the two factors affecting on cost estimation.

Last answer: Factors affecting cost estimation 1) Labor Wage Rates 2) Inflation Factor 3) Project Schedule 4) Quality of Plans & Specifications 5) Reputation of Engineer 6) Regulatory Requirements 7) Insurance Requirements 8) Size and Type of Project 9) Location 10) Contingency

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Define balance sheet.

Last answer: Balance sheet It is a statement of the assets, liabilities, and capital of a business or other organization at a particular point in time, detailing the balance of income and expenditure over the preceding period.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

List various types of costs.

Last answer: Types of Cost Total Cost Fixed Cost Variable cost Direct cost Indirect Cost

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

State the use of Lux Meter and Tachometer in energy audit.

Last answer: Use of lux meter – to measure intensity of light Use of tachometer – to measure speed

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

List four environmental benefits of wind energy.

Last answer: Environmental benefits of Wind Energy 1. Renewable & Sustainable 2. Environmentally Friendly 3. Reduces Fossil Fuel Consumption 4. Small Footprint

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

State any two units of energy.

Last answer: Units of energy: Joule Calorie Kilowatt Kilowatt-hour Watt

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

A refrigerator is working on reversed carnot cycle between temperature of 30°C to –10°C with capacity of 10 tonnes. Calculate. (i) The COP (ii) Define ton of refrigeration (iii) Give the industrial application of refrigeration

Last answer: (ii) Ton of refrigeration: It is defined as the quantity of heat required to be removed from 1Ton water at 0oC to get ice at 0oC in one day. (iii) Industrial applications of refrigeration ... food stuff such as meat, fruit, fruit juice, vegetables etc. 5. Ice cooling of concrete for dam.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain the construction and working of induced draft cooling tower with neat sketch.

Last answer: Induced draft cooling tower : Diagram: Construction and working: Cooling towers are employed to cool utility cooling water by direct contact with air. The parts of a cooling tower are ... top pulls the hot air through the fills and cooled water gets collected in the cold water basin.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

State the factors to be considered while selecting refrigerants.

Last answer: Selection criteria for refrigerant : 1. Working pressure range and pressure ratio. The pressure required to be maintained in the evaporator and condenser should be low enough to reduce the material ... . It should have moderate density in liquid form, a relatively high density in gaseous form.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Describe with a neat diagram the working of a simple vapour compression refrigeration system. Represent the cycle on P–V and T–S diagram.

Last answer: Vapour compression refrigeration cycle: The vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. Figure shows ... the compressor. P-V Diagram T-S diagram:

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Give the advantages of multistage compression.

Last answer: Advantages of multistage compression: 1. Reduction in power required to drive compressor 2. Better mechanical balance and uniform torque. 3. Reduced leakage loss swing to reduce pressure difference in either side of piston and valves. 4. Less difficulty in lubrication 5. Lighter cylinders

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain the method for obtaining instrument air in industry.

Last answer: Instrument air: Air is passed through a filter to remove suspended impurities. The filtered air is supplied to the compressor. Discharge from the compressor will be at a pressure of 100 to 150 ... pressure regulator is sometimes added to provide a constant reduced pressure in the supply line.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain boiler act with respect to (i) Duties of chief inspector (ii) Registration of boiler.

Last answer: Boiler act: Duties of chief inspector: Maintain records of registered boilers. Examine boiler inspection reports produced by inspectors. Decide whether to issue the certificate for the operation of ... shall examine the boiler and find maximum pressure at which the boiler may be operated.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain working of water level indicator with neat sketch.

Last answer: Water level indicator: Working: Its function to indicate water level in boiler. usually two water level indicator are fitted to in front of boiler. WLI shows the water level in in the boiler drum ... goes below a fixed mark , so that corrosive action may be taken in time to avoid accident.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

List the methods for scale and sludge removal.

Last answer: Methods of scale and sludge removal: With the help of scrapper, knife ,blades or piece of wood or by wire brushing, if the scale is loosely adhering. By giving thermal shocks. By ... suddenly cooling with cold water. By dissolving them in some chemicals. By frequent blow-down operation.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain the working of cyclone separator with labelled diagram.

Last answer: Cyclone separator: Working: Cyclone separators work much like a centrifuge, but with a continuous feed of dirty air. In a cyclone separator, dirty flue gas is fed into a chamber. The inside ... at the bottom of the container. The cleaned flue gas escapes out the top of the chamber.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Differentiate between water tube boiler and fire tube boiler

Last answer: Fire tube boiler Water tube boiler In Fire-tube boilers hot flue gases pass through tubes and water surrounds them. In Water-tube boilers water passes through tubes and hot flue gasses ... them. In Water-tube boilers water passes through tubes and hot flue gasses surround them.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

“Rate of softening of water in Ion Exchange method is high,” Give reason.

Last answer: Rate of softening of water in ion exchange method is high because, cation exchange beds and anions exchange beds are used this process, which remove all the hardness causing substances. It also removes alkali metals. This process is useful for acidic as well as alkaline water.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Draw the diagram for zeolite process used for the softening of boiler feed water.

Last answer: Zeolite process:

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Name any four psychometric process and represent them on psychometric chart.

Last answer: Psychrometric process and their representation on psychrometric chart: 1. Sensible heating or cooling 2.Cooling and dehumidification: 3.Heating and humidification 4.Adiabatic mixing of two streams 5. Chemical Dehumidification 6.Adiabatic evaporative cooling

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Explain the working of super heater

Last answer: Working of Super heater: Superheater header mounted against the tube sheet in the smoke box.The steam is then passed through a number of superheater elements-long pipes which are placed inside special, ... into a separate compartment of the super heater header and then to the cylinders as normal.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Classify boilers according to various factors.

Last answer: Classifications of boilers 1.Use a. stationary b. mobile 2. Tube contents a. fire tube boiler b. water tube boiler 3. Tube shape and position a. Tube shape (Form) -i. Straight ii. ... . forced circulation 6. Heat source a. Fuel b. hot wastergaes c. electrical energy d. nuclear energy

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Define dry bulb and wet bulb temperature.

Last answer: i)Dry bulb temperature: Temperature recorded by ordinary thermometer is called dry bulb temperature. (ii)Wet bulb temperature: It is the temperature indicated by thermometer whose bulb is covered with cotton or muslin wire wetted with moisture

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Define coefficient of performance.

Last answer: Coefficient of Performance.: Working performance of any machine is usually expressed by output/input ratio known as efficiency. In refrigeration it is denoted by C.O.P. ( β ) . COP= refrigeration effect/ work input to produced R.E. β=RE/W

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

List out uses of air in industry.

Last answer: Uses of air in industry: i) To clean work shop ,generators and machine. ii) For cooling of furnace. iii) Compressed air used in oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid in liquid phase reactor. iv) ... To exhaust the fumes of HCl gas, by exhaust blower. vi) fan air used in solid fuel boiler.

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

List out types of thermic fluid.

Last answer: Different thermic fluids 1. Dowtherm A 2. Dowtherm E 3. Therminol FR 4. Oil mobiltherm 600 5. Oil Mobiltherm light 6. Hydrotherm 750-200

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Define enthalpy of steam with its unit.

Last answer: Enthalpy of dry saturated steam. It is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water from the freezing point to the boiling point and then convert it into dry saturated steam at that temperature and pressure. Unit: kJ/kg

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

Define hard water and soft water.

Last answer: Hard water: Contains dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium. It does not produce lather with soap solution. Soft water: Does not contain dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium. It produces lather or foam with soap

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asked Jan 5 by anonymous

State the uses of Industrial water.

Last answer: Uses of industrial water: 1. In chemical reaction 2. Utility(cooling agent) 3. Steam production 4. Cleaning 5. In cooling tower

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