Recent questions tagged electronic-measurement-and-instrumentation

asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Differentiate AC and DC signal conditioning.

Last answer: AC signal conditioning DC signal conditioning Excitation source is only AC for AC signal conditioning. Excitation source can be ac or dc for DC signal conditioning. AC signal conditioning ... low frequency. Demodulation is present in AC. Demodulation is absent in DC.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

State need of delay line in CRO.

Last answer: The delay line is used in CRO to delay the signal for some time in thevertical sections. As horizontal channel consists of trigger circuit andtime based generator. This causes more time to reach ... vertical plates. For synchronization of reachinginput signal at same time to both the plates in CRT.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

State different types of errors in Instruments.

Last answer: There are three types of error 1) Gross Error: These errors are mainly human mistakes in reading instruments and recording and calculating measurement results. 2) Systematic Error : These types of ... operator 3) Random Error.:These errors are due to unknown causes which are not determinable.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

List applications of ohmmeter.

Last answer: 1. The ohmmeter is a meter for measuring electrical resistance in ohm. 2. It is used as Megger to measure high resistance. 3. It is used to test the power circuits.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

State the meaning of PT-100.

Last answer: PT –Stands for platinum, 100–stands for 100Ω at 00 centigrade. PT -100 is a RTD made up of platinum having 100Ω resistance at 00 centigrade.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define: (i) Absolute Instrument (ii) Secondary Instrument

Last answer: i)Absolute Instrument:An instrument whose calibration can be determined by means of physical measurements on the instrument. ii)Secondary Instrument:Secondary instruments are those, in which the ... instruments, only when they have been pre-calibrated by comparison with an absolute instrument.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Compare CRO and DSO. State the formula for phase measurement using CRO with necessary diagram.

Last answer: CRO DSO Directly reads analog voltage and displays it on screen. It reads the analog voltage and converts it into digital form before being displayed on the screen. ... algorithms available and ported on microprocessor which can operate on stored samples of input voltage.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Describe the circuit diagram of AC signal conditioning.

Last answer: The block diagram of a.c. signal conditioning system:- Working:- This is carrier type a.c. signal conditioning system. The transducer used is variable resistance or variable ... signal conditioning includes the circuits like sample and hold, multiplexers ,analog to digital converters etc.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Explain the electro-magnetic flow meter with neat sketch and write it’s application.

Last answer: Electromagnetic flow meter: Principle of Operation: 1. The operation of an Electro-magnetic flow meter is based upon Faraday's Law, which states that the voltage induced across any conductor as it ... rates. It can be also used for measurement of flow rate of slurries, greasy materials.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Describe the need for calibration.

Last answer: Calibration is defined as the comparison of measured value with standard. Why required? The accuracy of all measuring devices degrade over time. This is typically caused by normal wear ... the manufacturer. After any mechanical or electrical shock. Periodically (annually, quarterly, monthly)

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw and describe general Data acquisition system .

Last answer: Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated ... are usually controlled by software programs developed using various general purpose programming languages

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Compare thermistor and thermocouple.

Last answer: Sr.No. Parameter Thermistor Thermocouple 1 Materials Metal oxides Two dissimilar metals 2 Response Nonlinear Linear 3 Range of temperature -1500C ... passive Passive active 6 Transduction principle Resistive transducer Thermo electric effect

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Sketch the block diagram of function generator & describe the circuit of sine wave generation.

Last answer: Block Diagram Explanation‐ For generation of sinewave , out of the three knobs‐ sine, square and triangular , the sine knob is pressed, output is adjusted for required frequency and amplitude using frequency and amplitude

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw the circuit diagram of DC signal conditioning circuit.

Last answer: Circuit

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define signal conditioning system.

Last answer: Signal conditioning is the manipulation of a signal in a way that prepares it for the next stage of processing. Many applications involve environmental or structural measurement, such as temperature and vibration, from sensors.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Sketch and describe the working principle of LVDT.

Last answer: Diagram Explaintion: LVDT is the example of inductive transducer, in LVDT any physical displacement of the core cause the voltage of any secondary winding to increase while simultaneously reducing the ... winding and core varies the coupling between it and two secondary windings. .:E0=E1-E2

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Compare Analog meter and Digital meter.

Last answer: Sr.No. Parameter Analog meter Digital meter 1 Principle Meter that gives analog output Meter that gives digital output 2 Accuracy The accuracy is less The accuracy is ... No observational error 7 Examples Potentiometer, DC ammeter, PMMC DMM , DSO

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Explain the sketches , the working principle of Bourdon tube.

Last answer: Working principle of Bourdon tube:- C type bourdon tube is made up of an elliptically flattened tube bent in such a way as to produce the C shape as shown in the fig. One ... terms of pressure. The relationship between the displacement of the free end and the applied pressure is nonlinear.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Describe the block diagram of function generator.

Last answer: Block diagram of function Generator Principle of operation of function generator: Function generator operates to produce different waveforms such as sine, square, triangular of adjustable ... whose frequency is determined by the magnitude of current supplied by constant current sources.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw PMMC meter movement and describe it.

Last answer: Working principle of PMMC: 1. The working principle of PMMC is based on basic meter movement known as D'Arsonval principle stated as when current passes through the coil ... controlling torque becomes equal to deflecting torque then pointer attached with scale become stable at equilibrium.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define any two dynamic characteristics of measurements.

Last answer: 1. Speed of response: The rapidity with which instrument responds to make changes in the measured quantity is called as speed of response. 2. Fidelity: The degree to which instrument indicates the ... the value indicated by the instrument if no static error is assumed is called as dynamic error.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Write objective of Data acquisition system.

Last answer: Objectives of Data Acquisition System: It must monitor the complete plant operation to maintain online optimum and safe operations. It must provide an effective human communication system and be able to identify problem ... data. It must be reliable, and not have a down time greater than 0.1%.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

State need of level measurement.

Last answer: In almost all industries, vast quantities of liquid such as water solvents, chemicals etc. are used in number of processes. It is widely employed to monitor as well as measure ... and therefore its measurement becomes important in a variety of processes encountered in modern manufacturing plants.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

List any four types of transducer.

Last answer: Types of Transducer based on Quantity to be Measured Temperature transducers Pressure transducers Displacement transducers Flow transducers Types of Transducer based on the Principle of ... Whether an External Power Source is required or not Active Transducer Passive Transducer

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define : (i) Sensor (ii) Transducer

Last answer: (i) Sensor : A device which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it. (ii) Transducer : a device that converts variations in a physical quantity, such as pressure or brightness, into an electrical signal, or vice versa.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Sketch Block diagram of vertical deflection system used in CRO.

Last answer: Block diagram of vertical deflection system used in CRO

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define : (i) Resolution (ii) Accuracy

Last answer: (i) Resolution: The smallest change in input to which instrument can respond is known as resolution. (ii) Accuracy: It is the degree of closeness with which an instrument reading approaches the true value of the quantity being measured.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Write any two applications of Instrumentation System.

Last answer: Instrumentation is used to measure many parameters (physical values). These parameters include: Pressure,either differential or static Flow Temperature Levels of liquids, etc. ... Inductance Capacitance Resistivity Chemical composition Chemical properties Position Vibration

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Sketch and describe pressure measurement system for 800 mm pressure, that contain Bourdon tube and LVDT.

Last answer: Diagram: Explanation: The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows ... This set up is used for measurement of pressure which is converted into electrical signal by LVDT.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Explain Piezo-electric transducer with diagram. State its applications, advantages and disadvantages.

Last answer: Explanation: Principle of operation: When a pressure or force or vibration applied to the crystalline material like quartz crystal or crystalline substances then an e.m.f. is generated across the ... destructive test (NDT) equipment's 4) Piezoelectric materials are use in ultrasonic transducers.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw the sketch of electromagnetic flow meter and explain it. State advantages, disadvantages and applications of it.

Last answer: Diagram: Explanation: Electromagnetic flow meters works based on Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction. According to this principle, when a conductive medium passes through a magnetic ... water, chilled water. Used for flow measurement of Corrosive liquids, slurries and pastes.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Sketch DC signal conditioning circuit for pressure measurement using strain gauge. Justify it.

Last answer: Diagram: Figure: DC signal conditioning circuit for pressure measurement using strain gauge Where, Rg= strain gauge resistance. Explanation: In order to measure strain with ... millivolts output per volt input. The Wheatstone circuit is also well suited for temperature compensation.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Explain the calibration of series type ohmmeter.

Last answer: Series Ohmmeter If the resistor's value is unknown and has to be measured by placing it in series with the ohmmeter, then that ohmmeter is called series ohmmeter. The circuit diagram of ... hand of the scale respectively. Series ohmmeter is useful for measuring high values of resistances.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw the block diagram of function generator and explain its working.

Last answer: Principle of operation of function generator: Function generator operates to produce different waveforms such as sine, square, triangular of adjustable frequency which is used to test ... whose frequency is determined by the magnitude of current supplied by constant current sources.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw and explain the block diagram of DAS.

Last answer: Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by ... controlled by software programs developed using various general purpose programming languages.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Suggest instrument to measure unknown frequency above 5 MHz and store result. Justify it.

Last answer: For measurement of frequency CRO, DSO SPECTRUM ANALYZER & FREQUENCY COUNTER can be used. In above specification we can used CRO & DSO for measurement, but the data has to be stored so we ... width or higher bandwidth can be used. Because DSO has measurement facility as well as storage facility.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Explain the need of signal conditioning.

Last answer: Need of signal conditioning The Measured, which is basically a physical quantity as is detected by the first stage of instrumentation or measurement system. The first stage, detector transducer ... are require to faithful reproduction of output signal for the final data presentation stage.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Describe working principle of radiation level measurement with neat diagram.

Last answer: Radiation type level measurement. Is non contact type detector which is used where electrical method would not survive. working principle 1.It consist of gamma ray source holder on one side ... 7. Thus, when liquid level rises, the amount of radiation received is reduced and vice versa.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw and describe the constructional diagram of LVDT.

Last answer: Construction of LVDT: A differential transducer consists of a primary winding and two secondary winding. The windings are arranged concentrically and next to each other. They are wound over a ... winding and core varies the coupling between it and two secondary windings. E0=E1-E2

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

What will be the phase shift for following Lissajous patterns?

Last answer: (i) Phase shift = 0° (ii) Phase shift = 90° or 270° (iii) Phase shift = 30° or 330° (iv) Phase shift = 180°

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw the block diagram of instrumentation system and explain function of each block.

Last answer: Functions of each block: Primary sensing element: This first receives energy from the measured medium and produces an output depending on measured quantity. Variable conversion element: Converts ... indication of a pointer moving a scale or the recording of a pen Moving over chart.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Draw block diagram of CRO and explain function of each block of it.

Last answer: The functions of various blocks are: 1) CRT: This is cathode ray tube which emits electrons that strike phosphor screen internally to provide visual display of signal. 2) VERTICAL AMPLIFIER ... are two power supplies a high voltage supply for CRT & low voltage supply for all circuits.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Explain D’Arsonal PMMC movement in detail.

Last answer: OR Working: When current passes through the coil a deflecting torque is produced. This deflecting torque is produced due to interaction between magnetic field produced by permanent ... equilibrium; this is possible only when the controlling torque becomes equal to the deflecting torque.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

List the applications of DAS.

Last answer: Applications of DAS: (I) In Aerospace (II) In biomedical (III) Telemetry industries (IV) When physical quantity being monitored

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

State significance of Lissajous figure.

Last answer: Significance of Lissajous figure. The characteristics patterns that appear on the screen of a cathode ray tube, when sinusoidal voltages are simultaneously applied to horizontal and vertical plates .these ... is presented as a Lissajous figure. it is used for measurement of phase and frequency.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define : (i) Laminar flow (ii) Turbulent flow

Last answer: (i) Laminar flow : if the average velocity of the fluid is very low, then fluid particles will flow in parallel lines along the sides of the pipe. This type of flow is called as laminar ... of fluid is increased beyond a certain limit, eddy current starts to form. And flow becomes turbulent flow.

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define transducer. Give two examples of transducer.

Last answer: It is a device which convert any form of physical energy in to electrical energy. Two examples of transducer (1) Strain gauge (2) Thermistor (3) Thermocouple (4) LVDT

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Give any two applications of LED and LCD each.

Last answer: Two applications of LED (1) As an indicators and small display. (2) In digital thermometer, pulse rate meter. (3) In patient monitoring. Two applications of LCD (1) In video games (2) In calculators (3) In test equipments (4) In gauges and counters

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

List different types of errors.

Last answer: There are three types of error 1) Gross Error: These errors are mainly human mistakes in reading instruments and recording and calculating measurement results. 2) Systematic Error : These types of ... operator . 3) Random Error.:These errors are due to unknown causes which are not determinable

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asked 5 days ago by anonymous

Define the term ‘Measurement’.

Last answer: Measurement is the result or act of a quantitative comparison between a predetermined standard and an unknown magnitude. Or Measurement is the result of an opinion formed by one or more observers about the relative size or intensity of some physical quantity.

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